Churches that practise believer’s baptism by immersion and typically emphasise congregational governance (members have a significant say). Most are evangelical in theology. Worship style and formality vary widely.

Governed by elders (presbyters) rather than by a single pastor or by the whole congregation. Often associated with Reformed theology. Worship can range from traditional to contemporary.

Emphasises the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, and salvation by grace alone. Often linked to Calvinistic views of predestination. Can appear in Presbyterian, Baptist, or independent churches.

Each local church is self-governing. Members have a direct role in decisions. Theology is often broadly evangelical; style varies.

Expects the gifts of the Holy Spirit (prophecy, healing, tongues, etc.) to be active today. Worship is usually contemporary and expressive. Can exist inside or outside traditional denominations.

A specific stream of charismatic Christianity that typically teaches a distinct experience of the baptism in the Holy Spirit, often evidenced by speaking in tongues. Worship is usually lively and contemporary.

Preaching style that works through a biblical text (often verse by verse or passage by passage) rather than primarily topical sermons. Can be found in many denominational settings.

Informal descriptors. “Gospel-centred” usually signals an emphasis on the finished work of Christ as the foundation for Christian life. “Family” typically means strong kids and youth programs and an orientation toward all ages.